Diagnostic Pathology: Nonneoplastic Pediatrics, 2nd Edition

SECTION 1: SKIN
SPONGIOTIC AND PSORIASIFORM DERMATOSES
4 Pityriasis Rosea
Christopher Lum, MD, Amity Tran, BA, and Emily Leibovitch, BA
6 Contact Dermatitis
George R. Collins, DO
10 Atopic Dermatitis
Wang L. Cheung, MD, PhD and Karen S. Thompson, MD
12 Perniosis
14 Seborrheic Dermatitis
Karen S. Thompson, MD, Angelica R. Putnam, MD, and Wang L. Cheung, MD, PhD
INFLAMMATORY/INTERFACE DERMATOSES
16 Erythema Multiforme and Related Disorders
20 Pityriasis Lichenoides
VESICOBULLOUS DERMATOSES
24 Acropustulosis of Infancy
Larissa V. Furtado, MD
26 Dermatitis Herpetiformis
28 Epidermolysis Bullosa, Inherited
32 Erythema Toxicum Neonatorum
34 Hailey-Hailey Disease
36 Chronic Bullous Disease of Childhood
38 Transient Neonatal Pustular Melanosis
VASCULAR AND RELATED DISEASES
40 Urticaria and Variants
44 Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis
PANNICULITIDES
48 Erythema Nodosum
52 Subcutaneous Fat Necrosis of Newborn
Jessica M. Comstock, MD and Angelica R. Putnam, MD
54 Sclerema Neonatorum
CONNECTIVE TISSUE
56 Lupus Erythematosus
62 Morphea/Scleroderma
66 Dermatomyositis
METABOLIC/DEPOSITION DISEASES
70 Calcinosis Cutis
Dirk Elston, MD and Carly A. Elston, MD
NONINFECTIOUS GRANULOMATOUS DISEASES
74 Chalazion
76 Granuloma Annulare
Angelica R. Putnam, MD
PILOSEBACEOUS DISEASE
78 Acne Vulgaris
Viseslav Tonkovic-Capin, MD
ALOPECIAS
80 Trichotillomania
Garth Fraga, MD
DISORDERS OF EPIDERMAL MATURATION AND KERATINIZATION
84 Ichthyosis
Michael W. Peterson, DO
86 Darier Disease
88 Porokeratosis
92 Incontinentia Pigmenti
Christine J. Ko, MD
DISORDER OF COLLAGEN
94 Aplasia Cutis Congenita
Michael W. Peterson, DO, Nathan Peterson, DO, and Karen S. Thompson, MD
BACTERIAL INFECTIONS
96 Impetigo
100 Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome
102 Ecthyma and Ecthyma Gangrenosum
104 Cat-Scratch Disease
Irina Margaritescu, MD, PhD and Bruce R. Smoller, MD
110 Atypical Mycobacterial Infections
Cary Chisholm, MD and Karen S. Thompson, MD
VIRAL INFECTIONS
112 Molluscum Contagiosum
Talley Whang, MD
114 Herpesvirus
FUNGAL INFECTIONS
116 Candidiasis
ARTHROPODS/PARASITES
120 Bite Reactions
Atsuko Kodama, MD
124 Scabies
Gonzalo De Toro, MD
CYSTS
126 Epidermal Inclusion Cyst
128 Dermoid Cyst

SECTION 2: SOFT TISSUE
134 Necrotizing Fasciitis
Brian J. Hall, MD
136 Tumoral Calcinosis
Karen S. Thompson, MD

SECTION 3: BONE AND JOINT
CONGENITAL/GENETIC/HEREDITARY
140 Osteogenesis Imperfecta
144 Chondrodysplasia Punctata
148 Thanatophoric Dysplasia
TRAUMA/INJURY/REACTIVE
150 Bone Fracture and Repair
154 Osteomyelitis
Karen S. Thompson, MD and Angelica R. Putnam, MD
158 Stress and Costochondral Junction
160 Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

SECTION 4: SKELETAL MUSCLE
166 Spinal Muscular Atrophy
Hannes Vogel, MD
168 X-Linked Muscular Dystrophy: Duchenne and Becker
172 Congenital Myopathies

SECTION 5: CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
176 Cerebral Heterotopia and Ectopia
178 Focal Cortical Dysplasia
B. K. Kleinschmidt-DeMasters, MD
192 Myelomeningocele
Brock Kaya, MD
194 Encephalocele
196 Tethered Cord
198 Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations
Brock Kaya, MD and Angelica R. Putnam, MD
202 Cerebral Cavernous Malformation
206 Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy
Bahig M. Shehata, MD, Cynthia T. Bunting, BS, and Phillip Quigley, BS
210 Periventricular Leukomalacia
Bahig M. Shehata, MD, Nancy Elawabdeh, BS, and Caitlin Cundiff, BS
214 Arachnoid Cysts
Tarik Tihan, MD, PhD and Karen S. Thompson, MD
216 Meningioangiomatosis
222 Germinal Matrix-Intraventricular Hemorrhage
Bahig M. Shehata, MD and Nancy Elawabdeh, BS
INFECTIOUS
226 Bacterial Meningoencephalitis
232 Fungal Meningoencephalitis
238 Viral Meningoencephalitis
242 Protozoal Meningoencephalitis

SECTION 6: ENDOCRINE
248 Adrenal Cytomegaly
Arthur S. Tischler, MD
250 Adrenal Heterotopia
252 Adrenal Hypoplasia and Malformations
Arthur S. Tischler, MD and Karen S. Thompson, MD
254 Adrenal Cortical Hyperplasia
258 Dyshormonogenetic Goiter
Vania Nosé, MD, PhD
264 Ectopic Thyroid
266 Thyroglossal Duct Cyst
268 Cystic Fibrosis, Pancreas
Mari Mino-Kenudson, MD
270 Stress Reactions in Adrenal Gland
Bahig M. Shehata, MD, Holly C. Jordan, BS, and Erica J. Colvin, MD
272 Hemorrhagic Necrosis of Adrenal Gland
Bahig M. Shehata, MD, Holly C. Jordan, BS, and Sydney R. Archer, BS
274 Chronic Lymphocytic Thyroiditis
Bahig M. Shehata, MD, Brent M. Cone, BS, and Cynthia T. Bunting, BS
278 Graves Disease
284 Hypertrophy of Pancreatic Islets
Jessica M. Comstock, MD

SECTION 7: RESPIRATORY
288 Bronchogenic Cyst
Bahig M. Shehata, MD, Nancy Elawabdeh, BS, and Charlotte A. Cooper, BS
290 Congenital Alveolar Capillary Dysplasia
Bahig M. Shehata, MD, Ryan J. Cone, BS, and Charlotte A. Cooper, BS
294 Congenital Lobar Emphysema
Jessica M. Comstock, MD and Karen S. Thompson, MD
296 Congenital Pulmonary Lymphangiectasis
Billie Fyfe, MD
298 Diffuse Pulmonary Lymphangiomatosis
Monica P. Revelo, MD, PhD and Brandon T. Larsen, MD, PhD
302 Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation
306 Congenital Surfactant Deficiency
Billie Fyfe, MD and Eileen Margaret McKay, MD
310 Cystic Fibrosis
314 Sequestrations
316 Aspiration
320 Asthma
322 Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
Larissa V. Furtado, MD and Karen S. Thompson, MD
326 Hyaline Membrane Disease
328 Interstitial Pulmonary Emphysema
Larissa V. Furtado, MD and Angelica R. Putnam, MD
330 Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension
332 Idiopathic Pulmonary Hemosiderosis
Saul Suster, MD
334 Pulmonary Venoocclusive Disease/Pulmonary
Capillary Hemangiomatosis
Bahig M. Shehata, MD, Angelica R. Putnam, MD, and Charlotte A. Cooper, BS
338 Nonspecific Interstitial Pneumonia
340 Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
Cesar A. Moran, MD, Neda Kalhor, MD, and Karen S. Thompson, MD
342 Eosinophilic Pneumonia
Cesar A. Moran, MD and Neda Kalhor, MD
346 Adenovirus
Saul Suster, MD and Karen S. Thompson, MD
348 Human Metapneumovirus
Bahig M. Shehata, MD, Samuel N. Jactel, BS, and Nancy Elawabdeh, BS
352 Respiratory Syncytial Virus
MISCELLANEOUS
354 Neuroendocrine Cell Hyperplasia of Infancy

SECTION 8: CARDIOVASCULAR
358 Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy
Jagdish Butany, MBBS, MS, FRCPC and Karen S. Thompson, MD
362 Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Vidhya Nair, MBBS, MD, FRCPC
364 Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Jennifer Pogoriler, MD, PhD
368 Fabry Disease
Monica P. Revelo, MD, PhD
372 Fatty Acid Metabolic Disorders
374 Glycogen Storage Diseases
376 Mitochondrial Myopathies
380 Capillary Malformations
384 Lymphatic Malformations
388 Venous Malformations
392 Arteriovenous Malformations and Fistulas
396 Endocardial Fibroelastosis
398 Lymphocytic Myocarditis
402 Acute Pericarditis
406 Acute Rheumatic Fever
410 Kawasaki Disease
414 COVID-19-Related Pathology and Pediatric
Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome

SECTION 9: ALIMENTARY CANAL
ESOPHAGUS
426 Inlet Patch
Alexandros D. Polydorides, MD, PhD
430 Tracheoesophageal Fistula and Esophageal Atresia
434 Esophageal Duplication Cyst
438 Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
444 Eosinophilic Esophagitis
448 Herpes Simplex Virus Esophagitis
Laura W. Lamps, MD
450 Candida
STOMACH
452 Chemical Gastropathy
Gregory Y. Lauwers, MD and Alexandros D. Polydorides, MD, PhD
456 Chronic Gastritis
Alexandros D. Polydorides, MD, PhD and Staci Bryson, MD
458 Granulomatous Gastritis
Alexandros D. Polydorides, MD, PhD and Gregory Y. Lauwers, MD
462 Lymphocytic Gastritis
468 Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis
Gregory Y. Lauwers, MD and Karen S. Thompson, MD
470 Fundic Gland Polyp
472 Collagenous Gastritis
476 Helicobacter heilmannii Gastritis
Joel K. Greenson, MD and Alexandros D. Polydorides, MD, PhD
478 Helicobacter pylori Gastritis
SMALL BOWEL
482 Small Intestine Duplication Cyst
484 Ectopic Pancreas
Alexandros D. Polydorides, MD, PhD and Joel K. Greenson, MD
488 Gastric Heterotopia
490 Meckel Diverticulum
492 Microvillous Inclusion Disease
494 Primary Intestinal Lymphangiectasia
Joel K. Greenson, MD and Karen S. Thompson, MD
496 Abetalipoproteinemia
Florette K. Gray Hazard, MD and Karen S. Thompson, MD
500 Tufting Enteropathy
Alexandros D. Polydorides, MD, PhD and Florette K. Gray Hazard, MD
504 Autoimmune Enteropathy
INFLAMMATORY/IMMUNE DYSFUNCTION
508 Celiac Disease
514 Common Variable Immunodeficiency
Joel K. Greenson, MD, Laura W. Lamps, MD, and Alexandros D. Polydorides, MD, PhD
518 Giardia
520 Cryptosporidium
APPENDIX
522 Acute Appendicitis
Laura W. Lamps, MD and Karen S. Thompson, MD
526 Granulomatous Appendicitis
528 Enterobius Vermicularis Appendicitis
530 Fibrous Obliteration
Scott R. Owens, MD
COLON
532 Cystic Fibrosis, Intestinal
Kajsa Affolter, MD and Alexandros D. Polydorides, MD, PhD
534 Colonic Duplications, Cysts, and Congenital
Diverticula
538 Hirschsprung Disease
544 Intestinal Motility Disorders
546 Diversion Colitis
548 Pneumatosis Intestinalis
554 Solitary Rectal Ulcer Syndrome/Mucosal Prolapse
560 Necrotizing Enterocolitis
562 Eosinophilic/Allergic Colitis
568 Focal Active Colitis
570 Crohn Disease
582 Ulcerative Colitis
Alexandros D. Polydorides, MD, PhD and Scott R. Owens, MD
590 Collagenous Colitis
598 Cytomegalovirus
604 Entamoeba Histolytica
606 Adenovirus
Karen S. Thompson, MD and Laura W. Lamps, MD
608 Acute Infectious Colitis
610 Pseudomembranous Colitis
Staci Bryson, MD and Angelica R. Putnam, MD

SECTION 10: LIVER/GALLBLADDER
616 Congenital Hepatic Fibrosis
Romil Saxena, MBBS, MD, FRCPath and Hanlin L. Wang, MD, PhD
618 Caroli Disease
Romil Saxena, MBBS, MD, FRCPath and Joseph Misdraji, MD
620 Cystic Fibrosis, Hepatic
Joseph Misdraji, MD
624 Dubin-Johnson Syndrome
626 Gilbert Disease
628 Progressive Familial Intrahepatic Cholestasis
636 Biliary Atresia
Romil Saxena, MBBS, MD, FRCPath and Grace E. Kim, MD
642 Syndromic Paucity of Intrahepatic Bile Ducts
(Alagille Syndrome)
646 Paucity of Intrahepatic Bile Ducts (Nonsyndromic)
650 Autoimmune Hepatitis
Lisa Yerian, MD and Karen S. Thompson, MD
656 α-1-Antitrypsin Deficiency
Kari D. Caradine, MD and Angelica R. Putnam, MD
660 Glycogen Storage Disease
Joseph Misdraji, MD, Lisa Yerian, MD, and Grace E. Kim, MD
666 Niemann-Pick Disease
668 Tyrosinemia
670 Gaucher Disease
672 Neonatal Hemochromatosis
Matthew M. Yeh, MD, PhD
674 Wilson Disease
680 Choledochal Cyst
682 Intestinal Failure-Associated Liver Disease (Total
Parenteral Nutrition Injury)
Florette K. Gray Hazard, MD and Angelica R. Putnam, MD
686 Neonatal Hepatitis
690 Reye Syndrome
Romil Saxena, MBBS, MD, FRCPath and Laura W. Lamps, MD
692 Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Nonalcoholic
Steatohepatitis
Matthew M. Yeh, MD, PhD and Karen S. Thompson, MD
696 Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
Hanlin L. Wang, MD, PhD
700 Venoocclusive Disease
Sanjay Kakar, MD
702 Drug-Related Acute Hepatitis
Sanjay Kakar, MD and Angelica R. Putnam, MD
706 Viral Hepatitis
Lisa Yerian, MD
710 Epstein-Barr Virus
Hanlin L. Wang, MD, PhD and Angelica R. Putnam, MD
714 Herpes Simplex Virus Hepatitis
716 Cytomegalovirus
Kari D. Caradine, MD

SECTION 11: GENITOURINARY
KIDNEY/URINARY TRACT
GLOMERULAR DISEASES
720 Congenital Nephrotic Syndrome
Mikako Warren, MD
726 Diffuse Mesangial Sclerosis
732 Minimal Change Disease
740 Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis
Mikako Warren, MD and A. Brad Farris, III, MD
752 Acute Postinfectious Glomerulonephritis
760 Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis
768 C3 Glomerulonephritis
Lynn D. Cornell, MD
774 Dense Deposit Disease
A. Brad Farris, III, MD
780 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Shane Meehan, MB, BCh, Robert B. Colvin, MD, and
Ingeborg Bajema, MD
798 IgA Nephropathy
808 Henoch-Schönlein Purpura Nephritis
816 Thin Basement Membrane Nephropathy
820 Alport Syndrome
TUBULOINTERSTITIAL DISEASES
830 Acute Tubular Injury
Shane Meehan, MB, BCh
836 Acute Pyelonephritis
Neeraja Kambham, MD
844 Tubulointerstitial Nephritis With Uveitis
848 Primary Hyperoxaluria
VASCULAR DISEASES
850 Fibromuscular Dysplasia (Renal Artery Stenosis)
856 Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome, Infection Related and Atypical
Neeraja Kambham, MD and Ivy A. Rosales, MD
862 Vasculitis, ANCA Related
CYSTIC AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISEASES
868 Reflux Nephropathy
Sanjay Jain, MD, PhD
872 Polycystic Kidney Disease, Autosomal Recessive
Stephen M. Bonsib, MD
876 Polycystic Kidney Disease, Autosomal Dominant
Anthony Chang, MD
880 Medullary Cystic Kidney Disease/Nephronophthisis
Helen Liapis, MD
882 Renal Dysplasia
Sanjay Jain, MD, PhD and Karen S. Thompson, MD
886 Renal Tubular Dysgenesis
888 Ask-Upmark Kidney
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
890 Accessory Breast Tissue
Jeffrey L. Killeen, MD
892 Cryptorchidism
Steven S. Shen, MD, PhD
896 Testicular Regression Syndrome
898 Disorders of Sexual Development
906 Hidradenitis Suppurativa
Jason C. Reutter, MD and Angelica R. Putnam, MD
908 Childhood Behçet Disease
Maria Angelica Selim, MD and Karen S. Thompson, MD
912 Adnexal (Ovarian) Torsion
Blaise Clarke, MD and Angelica R. Putnam, MD
914 Meconium Periorchitis
916 Testicular Torsion
918 Ovarian Cysts

SECTION 12: HEMATOPOIETIC
LYMPH NODES
REACTIVE LYMPHADENOPATHIES
924 Reactive Follicular Hyperplasia
C. Cameron Yin, MD, PhD and Andrea N. Marcogliese, MD
930 Reactive Paracortical Hyperplasia
938 Progressive Transformation of Germinal Centers
L. Jeffrey Medeiros, MD and Roberto N. Miranda, MD
944 Hyaline-Vascular Castleman Disease
Pei Lin, MD and Andrea N. Marcogliese, MD
950 Dermatopathic Lymphadenitis
Sa A. Wang, MD and Andrea N. Marcogliese, MD
956 Kimura Disease
Roberto N. Miranda, MD, L. Jeffrey Medeiros, MD, and C.
Cameron Yin, MD, PhD
964 Kikuchi-Fujimoto Disease
974 Rosai-Dorfman Disease
INFECTIOUS LYMPHADENOPATHIES
984 Infectious Mononucleosis Lymphadenitis
Pei Lin, MD
988 Cat-Scratch Disease
Roberto N. Miranda, MD, L. Jeffrey Medeiros, MD, and Andrea N. Marcogliese, MD
994 Mycobacterial Infection
Tariq Muzzafar, MBBS
1002 Chronic Granulomatous Lymphadenitis
1010 Toxoplasma Lymphadenitis
Carlos E. Bueso-Ramos, MD, PhD and Andrea N. Marcogliese, MD
BLOOD AND BONE MARROW
1016 Chediak-Higashi Syndrome
David R. Czuchlewski, MD and Andrea N. Marcogliese, MD
1020 Congenital Amegakaryocytic Thrombocytopenia
1024 Congenital Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
1028 Congenital Erythrocytosis
1032 Diamond-Blackfan Anemia
1036 Hereditary Spherocytosis
Carla S. Wilson, MD, PhD and Andrea N. Marcogliese, MD
1042 Hereditary Elliptocytosis
Kaaren K. Reichard, MD and Andrea N. Marcogliese, MD
1046 Fanconi Anemia
1050 Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency
Kristin Hunt Karner, MD
1052 Shwachman-Diamond Syndrome
1056 Severe Congenital Neutropenia and Cyclic
Neutropenia
1060 Sickle Cell Anemia
1064 Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis
1074 Thalassemia
1080 Infectious Mononucleosis Syndromes
Carla S. Wilson, MD, PhD
1090 Parvovirus B19 Infection
1094 Transient Erythroblastopenia of Childhood
Kathryn Foucar, MD and Andrea N. Marcogliese, MD
THYMUS
1096 Acute Thymic Involution