ExpertDDx: Abdomen and Pelvis, 3rd Edition

SECTION 1: PERITONEUM AND MESENTERY
GENERIC IMAGING PATTERNS
4 Mesenteric or Omental Mass (Solid)
Siva P. Raman, MD
10 Mesenteric or Omental Mass (Cystic)
14 Fat-Containing Lesion, Peritoneal Cavity
18 Mesenteric Lymphadenopathy
22 Abdominal Calcifications
28 Pneumoperitoneum
32 Hemoperitoneum
36 Misty (Infiltrated) Mesentery
MODALITY-SPECIFIC IMAGING FINDINGS COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
42 High-Attenuation (Hyperdense) Ascites

SECTION 2: ABDOMINAL WALL
ANATOMICALLY BASED DIFFERENTIALS
48 Abdominal Wall Mass
52 Mass in Iliopsoas Compartment
54 Groin Mass
58 Elevated or Deformed Hemidiaphragm
60 Defect in Abdominal Wall (Hernia)

SECTION 3: ESOPHAGUS
66 Intraluminal Mass, Esophagus
Atif Zaheer, MD and Michael P. Federle, MD, FACR
68 Extrinsic Mass, Esophagus
72 Lesion at Pharyngoesophageal Junction
74 Esophageal Ulceration
76 Mucosal Nodularity, Esophagus
78 Esophageal Strictures
80 Dilated Esophagus
82 Esophageal Outpouchings (Diverticula)
84 Esophageal Dysmotility
CLINICALLY BASED DIFFERENTIALS
86 Odynophagia

SECTION 4: STOMACH
90 Gastric Mass Lesions
96 Intramural Mass, Stomach
98 Target or Bull's-Eye Lesions, Stomach
100 Gastric Ulceration (Without Mass)
102 Intrathoracic Stomach
104 Thickened Gastric Folds
110 Gastric Dilation or Outlet Obstruction
114 Linitis Plastica, Limited Distensibility
118 Epigastric Pain
124 Left Upper Quadrant Mass

SECTION 5: DUODENUM
130 Duodenal Mass
136 Dilated Duodenum
138 Thickened Duodenal Folds

SECTION 6: SMALL INTESTINE
142 Multiple Masses or Filling Defects, Small Bowel
144 Cluster of Dilated Small Bowel
146 Aneurysmal Dilation of Small Bowel Lumen
148 Stenosis, Terminal Ileum
150 Segmental or Diffuse Small Bowel Wall Thickening
156 Pneumatosis of Small Intestine or Colon
160 Occult GI Bleeding
164 Small Bowel Obstruction

SECTION 7: COLON
172 Solitary Colonic Filling Defect
174 Multiple Colonic Filling Defects
176 Mass or Inflammation of Ileocecal Area
182 Colonic Ileus or Dilation
186 Toxic Megacolon
188 Rectal or Colonic Fistula
194 Segmental Colonic Narrowing
198 Colonic Thumbprinting
200 Colonic Wall Thickening
206 Smooth Ahaustral Colon
208 Acute Right Lower Quadrant Pain
214 Acute Left Lower Quadrant Pain

SECTION 8: SPLEEN
222 Splenomegaly
226 Multiple Splenic Calcifications
228 Solid Splenic Mass or Masses
230 Cystic Splenic Mass
232 Diffuse Increased Attenuation, Spleen

SECTION 9: LIVER
236 Liver Mass With Central or Eccentric Scar
240 Focal Liver Lesion With Hemorrhage
244 Liver "Mass" With Capsular Retraction
246 Fat-Containing Liver Mass
248 Cystic Hepatic Mass
252 Focal Hypervascular Liver Lesion
258 Liver Mass With Mosaic Enhancement
Atif Zaheer, MD
262 Mosaic or Patchy Hepatogram
266 Hepatic Calcifications
270 Liver Lesion Containing Gas
274 Portal Venous Gas
276 Widened Hepatic Fissures
278 Dysmorphic Liver With Abnormal Bile Ducts
282 Focal Hyperperfusion Abnormality (THAD or THID)
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
288 Multiple Hypodense Liver Lesions
294 Multiple Hypointense Liver Lesions (T2WI)
298 Hyperintense Liver Lesions (T1WI)
304 Liver Lesion With Capsule or Halo on MR
308 Focal Hyperdense Hepatic Mass on Nonenhanced CT
312 Periportal Lucency or Edema
318 Widespread Low Attenuation Within Liver
ULTRASOUND
322 Focal Hepatic Echogenic Lesion ± Acoustic
Shadowing
Atif Zaheer, MD, Gregory E. Antonio, MD, DRANZCR,
FHKCR, and Eric K. H. Liu, PhD, RDMS
328 Hyperechoic Liver, Diffuse
330 Hepatomegaly
Hee Sun Park, MD, PhD and Aya Kamaya, MD, FSRU, FSAR
334 Diffuse Liver Disease
336 Cystic Liver Lesion
340 Hypoechoic Liver Mass
344 Echogenic Liver Mass
348 Target Lesions in Liver
350 Multiple Hepatic Masses
354 Hepatic Mass With Central Scar
356 Periportal Lesion
360 Irregular Hepatic Surface
Aya Kamaya, MD, FSRU, FSAR
362 Portal Vein Abnormality

SECTION 10: GALLBLADDER
366 Distended Gallbladder
368 Gas in Bile Ducts or Gallbladder
372 Focal Gallbladder Wall Thickening
374 Diffuse Gallbladder Wall Thickening
Jade Wong-You-Cheong, MBChB, MRCP, FRCR, FSRU,
FSAR
378 High-Attenuation (Hyperdense) Bile in Gallbladder
380 Hyperechoic Gallbladder Wall
382 Echogenic Material in Gallbladder
384 Dilated Gallbladder
388 Intrahepatic and Extrahepatic Duct Dilatation
L. Nayeli Morimoto, MD and Aya Kamaya, MD, FSRU,
390 Right Upper Quadrant Pain

SECTION 11: BILIARY TRACT
398 Dilated Common Bile Duct
404 Asymmetric Dilation of Intrahepatic Bile Ducts
408 Biliary Strictures, Multiple
412 Hypointense Lesion in Biliary Tree (MRCP)

SECTION 12: PANCREAS
416 Hypovascular Pancreatic Mass
422 Hypervascular Pancreatic Mass
426 Cystic Pancreatic Mass
432 Atrophy or Fatty Replacement of Pancreas
434 Dilated Pancreatic Duct
438 Infiltration of Peripancreatic Fat Planes
444 Pancreatic Calcifications
448 Cystic Pancreatic Lesion
Fauzia Vandermeer, MD
452 Solid Pancreatic Lesion
456 Pancreatic Duct Dilatation

SECTION 13: RETROPERITONEUM
460 Retroperitoneal Mass, Cystic
Matthew T. Heller, MD, FSAR
466 Retroperitoneal Mass, Soft Tissue Density
472 Retroperitoneal Mass, Fat Containing
474 Retroperitoneal Hemorrhage

SECTION 14: ADRENAL
478 Adrenal Mass
Mitchell Tublin, MD

SECTION 15: KIDNEY
486 Solid Renal Mass
490 Cystic Renal Mass
494 Bilateral Renal Cysts
Alessandro Furlan, MD
498 Infiltrative Renal Lesions
Ghaneh Fananapazir, MD
502 Perirenal and Subcapsular Mass Lesions
506 Renal Cortical Nephrocalcinosis
508 Medullary Nephrocalcinosis
510 Perirenal Hemorrhage
Amir A. Borhani, MD
514 Fat-Containing Renal Mass
518 Calcified Small Lesion in Kidney
522 Renal Sinus Lesion
528 Gas in or Around Kidney
530 Delayed or Persistent Nephrogram
534 Wedge-Shaped or Striated Nephrogram
538 Enlarged Kidney
542 Small Kidney
546 Hypoechoic Kidney
550 Hyperechoic Kidney
554 Renal Pseudotumor
556 Dilated Renal Pelvis
Narendra Shet, MD
560 Hyperechoic Renal Mass

SECTION 16: COLLECTING SYSTEM
568 Dilated Renal Calices
572 Radiolucent Filling Defect, Renal Pelvis

SECTION 17: URETER
576 Ureteral Filling Defect or Stricture
580 Cystic Dilation of Distal Ureter

SECTION 18: BLADDER
584 Filling Defect in Urinary Bladder
590 Urinary Bladder Outpouching
592 Gas Within Urinary Bladder
594 Abnormal Bladder Wall
Ashish P. Wasnik, MD, FSAR

SECTION 19: URETHRA
600 Urethral Stricture

SECTION 20: SCROTUM
604 Intratesticular Mass
608 Testicular Cystic Lesions
610 Extratesticular Cystic Mass
612 Extratesticular Solid Mass
614 Diffuse Testicular Enlargement
Shweta Bhatt, MD
616 Decreased Testicular Size
618 Testicular Calcifications

SECTION 21: PROSTATE AND SEMINAL VESICLES
622 Focal Lesion in Prostate
626 Enlarged Prostate
Katherine To'o, MD

SECTION 22: FEMALE PELVIS
630 Pelvic Fluid
Akram M. Shaaban, MBBCh
634 Female Lower Genital Cysts
640 Extra-Ovarian Adnexal Mass
Maryam Rezvani, MD
646 Acute Pelvic Pain in Non-Pregnant Women

SECTION 23: UTERUS
654 Enlarged Uterus
658 Thickened Endometrium
664 Abnormal Uterine Bleeding

SECTION 24: OVARY
672 Multilocular Ovarian Cysts
678 Unilocular Ovarian Cysts
684 Solid Ovarian Masses
688 Calcified Ovarian Masses
692 Ovarian Lesions With Low T2 Signal Intensity

Atif Zaheer, MD, FSAR, Professor of Radiology, Oncology and Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA, Siva P. Raman, MD, Bay Imaging Consultants, Walnut Creek, California, USA, Bryan R. Foster, MD, Professor of Radiology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA and Ghaneh Fananapazir, MD, FSAR, FSRU, FSABI, Professor of Radiology, University of California - Davis, Sacramento, California, USA