Crash Course Medical Sciences, 1st Edition
Paperback
$48.99
Crash Course – your effective every-day study companion PLUS the perfect antidote for exam stress! Save time and be assured you have the essential information you need in one place to excel on your course and achieve exam success.
A winning formula now for over 25 years, having sold over 1 million copies and translated in over 8 languages, each series volume has been fine-tuned and fully updated to make your life easier. Especially written by senior students or junior doctors/residents – those who understand what is essential for exam success – with all information thoroughly checked and quality assured by expert Faculty Advisers, the result is books that exactly meet your needs and you know you can trust.
Each chapter guides you succinctly through the full range of curriculum topics, integrating clinical considerations with the relevant basic science and avoiding unnecessary or confusing detail. Text boxes help you get to the hints, tips and key points you need fast! A fully revised self-assessment section matching the latest exam formats is included to check your understanding and aid exam preparation. The accompanying enhanced, downloadable eBook completes this invaluable learning package.
Series volumes have been honed to meet the requirements of today’s medical students, although the range of other health students and professionals who need rapid access to the essentials of medical sciences will also love the unique approach of Crash Course. Whether you need to get out of a fix or aim for a distinction Crash Course is for you!
This comprehensive medical sciences textbook provides an integrated approach to basic medical sciences, covering anatomy, biochemistry, physiology, pharmacology, and pathology for each body system. It offers succinct yet thorough coverage of all major physiological systems and pathological processes. Also covering foundational topics like biochemistry, cell biology, immunology, pharmacology and microbiology, it's packed with high-yield mnemonics, tables, and illustrations to enhance learning and retention. Ideal for healthcare and medical students, this resource seamlessly connects fundamental scientific principles with clinical applications, providing a solid foundation for understanding human health and disease.
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- Prepare with confidence and cover curriculum essentials all in one place
- Updated self-assessment section matching the latest exam formats – confirm your understanding and improve exam technique fast
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Series editor foreword v
Preface vi
Series editor’s acknowledgement viii
Section 1: General principles 1
1 Biochemistry and cell biology 3
Genetics 3
Nucleotides 3
DNA 3
RNA 6
Features of the genetic code 6
Structure of genes 7
Transcription 8
Translation 8
Hardy–Weinberg genetics 10
The cell and extracellular compartment 12
Membranes and transport 12
Cellular organelles and function 15
Membrane receptors and signal transduction 16
Cytoskeleton 17
Connective tissue 17
Enzymes 24
Enzymes and biological energy 24
Enzyme kinetics 25
Metabolism 27
Amino acids 27
Carbohydrates 30
Proteins 31
Lipids 32
2 Immunology 33
Principles of immunology 33
Concepts of immunity 33
Anatomy of the immune system 33
Cells and molecules of the immune system 33
Inflammation 35
Tolerance 37
Pathology 37
Hypersensitivity 38
Immunodeficiency 39
Autoimmunity 42
HLA associations 42
3 Microbiology 43
Bacteria 43
Bacterial structures 43
Bacterial classification 43
Infections – Gram-negative bacteria 45
Infections – Gram-positive bacteria 50
Infections – Tuberculosis 51
Fungi 53
Infections – Fungi 53
Parasites 54
Infections – Malaria 54
Infections – Other protozoa 55
Infections – Helminths 56
Infections – Ectoparasites 57
Viruses 57
Infections – Human herpesvirus 58
Infections – Other DNA viruses 59
Infections – Hepatitis viruses 60
Infections – Human immunodeficiency
virus 61
Infections – Other RNA viruses 62
Infections – Prions 63
Antimicrobials 63
Antibiotics 64
Antifungals 66
Antiprotozoals 67
Other antiparasitics 68
Antiretrovirals 68
Other antivirals 69
4 Pharmacology 71
What is pharmacology? 71
Pharmacodynamics 71
Agonists 71
Antagonists 71
Pharmacokinetics 73
Drug absorption 73
Drug distribution 73
Drug metabolism 74
Drug excretion 76
Mathematic aspects of
pharmacokinetics 76
Toxicology 77
Section 2: Organ systems 81
5 Gastrointestinal 83
Embryology 83
Normal gastrointestinal embryology 83
Ventral wall defects 84
Congenital pancreatic defects 84
Anatomy 84
Oesophagus 84
Stomach 85
Pancreas 86
Liver and biliary system 86
Spleen 87
Small intestine 87
Large intestine 88
Rectum and anal canal 88
Femoral and inguinal regions 88
Histology 89
Gastrointestinal tract layers 89
Gastric histology 90
Intestinal histology 90
Physiology 90
Secretion 90
Summary of regulatory gastrointestinal
substances 94
Pathology 99
Oral 99
Oesophageal 99
Gastric 100
Intestinal 101
Liver 106
Gallbladder and biliary tract 109
Pancreas 110
Pharmacology 111
Acid suppressors and antacids 111
Antiemetics 112
Laxatives 112
Other gastrointestinal drugs 113
6 Cardiovascular 115
Embryology 115
Development of the heart 115
Development of the vasculature 116
Anatomy 120
Structure of the heart 120
Circulation 122
Innervation of the heart 122
Histology 122
Layers of the heart 122
Evolution of cellular changes in
myocardial infarction 124
Physiology 124
Heart muscle 124
Electrical excitation and conduction 126
The cardiac cycle 133
Vascular physiology 138
Control of the circulation 140
Pathology 143
Congenital heart disease 143
Hypertension 146
Hyperlipidemia 146
Atherosclerosis 146
Deep vein thrombosis 146
Nonthrombotic emboli 146
Peripheral vascular disease 146
Aortic aneurysm 149
Aortic dissection 149
Valvular disease 149
Coronary artery disease 149
Arrhythmia 150
Cardiomyopathies 163
Heart failure (HF) 163
Shock 164
Cardiac tamponade 166
Infective endocarditis 166
Rheumatic fever 166
Acute pericarditis 166
Myocarditis 166
Pharmacology 168
Antihypertensive drugs 168
Antianginal therapy 168
Statins 168
Orlistat 168
Antiarrhythmic drugs 168
Common drug-induced cardiovascular reactions 171
7 The endocrine system 173
Embryology 173
Pituitary gland development 173
Thyroid gland development 173
Anatomy 174
Hypothalamus 174
Pituitary gland 174
Thyroid gland 175
Adrenal gland 175
Histology 176
Adrenal gland 176
Thyroid gland 177
Pancreatic endocrine cells 177
Physiology 177
General principles 177
Hormone synthesis and actions 180
Calcium homeostasis 188
Appetite regulation 189
The stress response 189
Pathology 191
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic
hormone secretion 191
Primary polydipsia and diabetes insipidus 191
Hypopituitarism 192
Hyperpituitarism 193
Cushing’s syndrome 193
Thyroid dysfunction 194
Thyroid cancer 196
Parathyroid dysfunction 197
Adrenocortical insufficiency 198
Hyperaldosteronism 200
Diabetes mellitus 200
Neuroendocrine tumours 204
Pharmacology 205
Hypoglycaemic medications 205
Corticosteroids 208
Thyroid medications 208
Hypothalamic/pituitary medications 209
Drug-induced endocrine reactions 209
8 Haematology and oncology 211
Embryology 211
Blood groups 211
Embryological haematopoiesis 211
Foetal erythrocytes and haemoglobin 211
Anatomy 212
The lymphatic system 212
Primary lymphoid tissues 212
Secondary lymphoid tissues 213
Histology 215
The constituents of blood 215
Bone marrow histology 216
Physiology 217
Haematopoiesis 217
Erythrocytes (red blood cells) 218
Blood products and transfusion 220
Haemostasis 220
Lymphoid system 224
Cell cycle 224
Mutations and DNA repair 226
Lab tests 227
Pathology 230
Anaemias 230
Coagulation disorders 231
Haematological malignancies 231
Multiple myeloma and related conditions 237
Transfusion reactions 239
Pharmacology 240
Coagulation 240
Cancer therapy 240
Drug-induced haematological reactions 242
9 Musculoskeletal, skin and connective tissue 245
Anatomy 245
Skeletal components 245
Joints 246
Connective tissue 246
Tendons and ligaments 248
Upper extremities 248
Lower extremities 250
Histology 257
Cellular composition of the bone 257
Skeletal muscle fibres 257
Dermatological histology 257
Hair follicle 259
Physiology 259
Motor neurone action potential 259
Skeletal muscle contrac
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