Workbook for Principles of Radiographic Imaging, 7th Edition

UNIT I Creating the Beam
1-1 Basic Mathematics Review
1-2 Units of Measurement
2-1 Basic Atomic Theory
2-2 Electromagnetic Radiation
3-1 Laws of Electrostatics and Electrodynamics
3-2 Ohm’s Law and Resistance
4-1 Laws of Magnetism and Magnetic Induction
4-2 Electromagnetic Induction
4-3 Generators, Motors, and Alternating and Direct Current
4-4 Transformers, Autotransformers, and Capacitors
4-5 Rectification
5-1 X-ray Tubes
5-2 Rating Charts and Cooling Charts
6-1 A Basic X-ray Circuit
7-1 X-ray Production
UNIT II Protecting Patients and Personnel
8-1 Using Dosimetry Equipment
8-2 Units and Measurements Used in Radiation Protection
9-1 Basic Radiation Protection, Detection, and Measurement
9-2 The Effect of Rotating the Collimator for a Hip Projection on Patient Dose
10-1 Half-Value Layer Determination
10-2 Effects of Filtration
11-1 Calculating Prime Factors
11-2 Effect of mAs, kVp, and SID on X-ray Emission
12-1 X-ray Interactions
13-1 Estimating Patient Entrance Skin Exposure
14-1 Beam Restriction
UNIT III Creating the Image
15-1 Thinking Three-Dimensionally
16-1 Effect of Subject on Attenuation and Scatter
16-2 The Effect of Pathology on Image Quality
17-1 Grid Comparisons and Conversions
17-2 Grid Errors
17-3 The Moiré Effect When Utilizing Computed Radiography Systems
18-1 Determining and Controlling Automatic Exposure Control Configurations
18-2 The Effect of Positioning on Automatic Exposure Control
18-3 The Effect of Collimation on Automatic Exposure Control
UNIT IV Digital Imaging in Radiography
19-1 Digital Image Formation and Processing
19-2 Digital Matrix
19-3 Digital Image Post-processing and Manipulation
19-4 Manipulating Window Level and Window Width
19-5 The Effect of Cropping/Shuttering to Replace Collimation
19-6 The Effect of Detector Saturation and Quantum Noise on Image Quality
20-1 Computed Radiography (CR) Image Acquisition
20-2 Computed Radiography/Digital Radiography Exposure Factor Selection
20-3 Computed Radiography/Digital Radiography Processing Errors
20-4 Digital Radiography (DR) Image Acquisition
20-5 Establishing a Technique Chart
20-6 Exposure Indicator Values
20-7 Deviation Index Values
21-1 Display Monitor Characteristics
22-1 Informatics in Medical Imaging
23-1 Artificial Intelligence
UNIT V Analyzing the Image
24-1 Evaluating Acceptance Limits
25-1 The Effect of mAs on Image Receptor (IR) Exposure
25-2 The Effect of kVp on Image Receptor (IR) Exposure—The 15 Percent Rule
25-3 Determining Adequate Penetration
25-4 The Effect of Distance on Image Receptor (IR) Exposure
25-5 The Effect of Tissue Density and Subject Contrast on Image Receptor (IR) Exposure
26-1 The Effect of kVp on Image Contrast
26-2 The Effect of Subject Contrast and Tissue Density on Image Contrast
26-3 The Effect of Grids on Image Contrast
27-1 Geometry of the Beam Factors
27-2 The Effect of Distance on Spatial Resolution
27-3 The Effect of Focal Spot Size on Spatial Resolution
27-4 The Effect of Motion on Spatial Resolution
28-1 The Effect of Distance on Size Distortion
28-2 The Effect of Alignment, Centering, and Angulation on Shape Distortion
28-3 The Effect of Cropping One Projection to Represent Another Projection on Shape Distortion
28-4 The Effect of Improper Anatomical Part Alignment on Shape Distortion
29-1 Image Critique: Assessing Image Receptor Exposure, Contrast, Spatial Resolution, and Distortion
30-1 Estimating Focal Spot Size
30-2 Evaluating Collimator, Central Ray, and Bucky Tray Alignment
30-3 Evaluating Distance, Centering, and Angulator Accuracy
30-4 Evaluating Kilovoltage Accuracy
30-5 Rejected-Image Studies
UNIT VI Special Imaging Systems and Modalities
31-1 The Effect of Alignment and Distance on Mobile Radiographic Image Quality
32-1 Fluoroscopic Automatic Exposure Rate Controls
33-1 Tomography and Digital Tomosynthesis
34-1 Mammography Equipment
35-1 Bone Densitometry
36-1 Vascular Imaging Equipment
37-1 Computed Tomography
38-1 Magnetic Resonance Imaging
38-2 Evaluating Magnetic Resonance Images
39-1 Nuclear Medicine Equipment
39-2 Evaluating Nuclear Medicine Images
40-1 Radiation Therapy
41-1 Ultrasound Image Studies
41-2 Doppler Image Studies

Richard R. Carlton, MS, R.T.(R)(CV), FAEIRS, Director, Radiologic Sciences, Grand Valley State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA, Arlene M. Adler, MEd, R.T.(R), FAEIRS, Professor and Director, Radiologic Sciences Programs, Indiana University Northwest, Gary, Indiana, USA, Vesna Balac, EdD, RT(R), (MR)(ARRT), Radiologic Sciences Programs Department Chair, Radiography Program Director, Assistant Professor, Indiana University Northwest, Gary, IN, USA and Kori L. Stewart, Ph.D., R.T.(R)(CT)(ARRT), CIIP, Director, Radiologic Sciences Program, Associate Professor of Diagnostic Imaging Quinnipiac University, North Haven, CT, United States