Gray’s Surface Anatomy and Ultrasound, 1st Edition

1. Introduction

Conceptual overview

Surface anatomy

Anatomical position and planes

Anatomical terms

Movement

Fascia

Skin

Skin color

Dermatomes and myotomes

Natural variation

Palpation and percussion

Ultrasound

Ultrasound theory

Doppler

Types of transducer

Imaging planes

Screen orientation

Ergonomics

Manipulating the transducer

Short-axis and long-axis views

Image terminology

Appearance of tissues

2. Thorax

Conceptual overview

Surface anatomy

Bones

Muscles

Breast

Thoracic cavity

Ultrasound

Anterior muscles of the thorax and lungs

Heart

Video 2.1 Colour Doppler ultrasound image sequence of the heart – apical view.

3. Abdomen

Conceptual overview

Surface anatomy

Bones

Abdominal regions

Muscles

Viscera

Ultrasound

Anterior abdominal musculature

Gastrointestinal tract

Liver

Kidney

Spleen

Pancreas

Vasculature

Video 3.1 B-mode ultrasound image sequence of the jejunum – transverse view.

4. Pelvis and perineum

Conceptual overview

Surface anatomy

Bones

Muscles

Viscera

Perineum

Pregnancy

Ultrasound

Male pelvis

Female pelvis

Video 4.1 Colour Doppler ultrasound image sequence of the bladder – mid-sagittal view.

5. Back

Conceptual overview

Surface anatomy

Curvatures

Bones

Ligaments

Joints

Muscles

Movements

Vertebral canal and spinal nerves

Ultrasound

6. Upper limb

Conceptual overview

Surface anatomy

Shoulder

Axilla

Arm

Forearm

Hand

Neurovascular structures

Ultrasound

Scalene triangle

Shoulder region

Deltoid muscle

Rotator cuff muscles

Anterior arm

Posterior arm

Elbow

Anterior forearm

Posterior forearm

Hand

Video 6.1 B-mode ultrasound image sequence of the long flexor tendons immediately proximal to the wrist – long-axis view.

7. Lower limb

Conceptual overview

Surface anatomy

Gluteal region

Thigh

Knee joint

Leg

Foot

Neurovascular structures

Ultrasound

Gluteal region

Femoral triangle

Anterior thigh

Knee

Medial thigh and adductor canal

Posterior thigh and popliteal fossa

Anterior leg

Posterior leg

Lateral leg

Video 7.1 Colour Doppler ultrasound image sequence of the femoral artery and vein in the thigh – long-axis view.

8. Head and neck

Conceptual overview

Surface anatomy

Head

Neck

Lymph

Neurovascular

Ultrasound

Eye

Parotid gland

Submandibular gland

Floor of the oral cavity

Carotid system

Thyroid gland

Posterior triangle of neck

Video 8.1 Colour Doppler ultrasound image sequence of the internal and external carotid arteries (red) and internal jugular vein (blue) in the neck – short-axis view.

Claire Smith, BSc, PGCE, PhD, Andrew Dilley, BSc PhD, Lecturer in Anatomy, Division of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK, Barry Mitchell, BSc, MSc, PhD, FIBMS, FIBiol, Dean, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK and Richard L. Drake, PhD, Director of Anatomy, Professor of Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA