Mosby's Pharmacy Technician: Principles and Practice, 7th Edition

SECTION ONE Pharmacy Practice
1 History of Medicine and Pharmacy
History of Medicine
Advances in Drug Therapy and Vaccinations
History of Pharmacy

2 Pharmacy Law, Ethics, and Regulatory Agencies
US Food and Drug Administration History
Description of Laws
Controlled Substances
Drug Monographs
Prescription Regulation
Special Prescribing Programs
Pharmacy Sites
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
The Joint Commission
Legal Standards

3 Competencies, Associations, and Settings for Technicians
Historical Data
Competencies
Nondiscretionary Duties
National Certification for Technicians
Professionalism in the Workplace
The Future of Pharmacy Technicians Is Bright!

4 Communication and Role of the Technician With the Customer/Patient
Communication
Conclusion

5 Dosage Forms and Routes of Administration
Where Did Pharmacy Abbreviations Originate?
“Do Not Use” List
Dosing Instructions
Classifications of Medications
Classifications of Drug Sales
Dosage Forms
Routes of Administration
Other Considerations: Form and Function
The Use of Excipients
Manufactured Products
Packaging and Storage Requirements
Medical Terminology

6 Conversions and Calculations
History of Pharmacy Calculations
Roman Numerals
International Time (Military Time)
Temperature Conversion Between Fahrenheit and Celsius
Basic Math Skills
Measurement Systems
Calculations With Liquid Medication
Business Calculations

7 Drug Information References
Researching a Drug
References Used in Pharmacy
Pocket-Sized Reference Books
Electronic Referencing
The Internet
Journals and News Magazines
Additional Types of Information
Considerations When Choosing a Reference

8 Community Pharmacy Practice
Role of the Pharmacy Technician
Prescription
Prescription Processing
Prescription Preparation
Other Pharmacy Technician Duties
Pharmacy Layout
Communication
Elderly Patients
Other Pharmacy Services

9 Institutional Pharmacy Practice
Types of Hospitals
Hospital Pharmacy Standards and Procedures
Pharmacy and Nursing Staff Relationship
Hospital Orders
Institutional Pharmacy Technicians
The Future of the US Health Care System

10 Additional Pharmacy Practice Settings and Advanced Roles for Technicians
Advanced or Specialized Pharmacy Technician
Opportunities

11 Bulk Repackaging and Nonsterile Compounding
Bulk Repackaging
Nonsterile Compounding
Packaging
Documentation
Safety
Compounding Professionalism
Regulatory and Quality Control
Veterinary Medications
Personnel Training
Compounding Calculations

12 Aseptic Technique and Sterile Compounding
Terminology Used in Pharmacy
Standard Precautions for a Health Care Worker
Supplies
Routes of Administration
Medication Delivery Systems
United States Pharmacopeia <797>
Aseptic Technique
Hand Placement
Use of Ampules to Prepare Medications
Education and Training

13 Pharmacy Billing and Inventory Management
Formulary and Drug Utilization
Generic Versus Trade Name Drugs
Types of Private and Group Medical Insurance Plans
Government-Managed Insurance Programs
Current Use of Medicare and Medicaid Insurance
Third-Party Billing
Other Methods of Payment
Inventory Management

14 Medication Safety and Error Prevention
Overview
Five Rights of Medication Safety
What Constitutes an Error?
Types of Medication Errors
Responsibility for Errors
Where Errors Are Made
Why Errors Occur
Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategies
Drug Interactions as a Source of Error
Errors in the Pharmacy
Errors Related to Patient Care
Age-Related Errors
Necessity of Reporting Errors
Common Pharmacy Technology
Patient Dose-Specific Orders
United States Pharmacopeia <797> Regulations
Medication Reconciliation
Quality Assurance Practices and Risk Management
Other Considerations
Training and Education
Conclusion

15 Pharmacy Operations Management and Workflow
Overview
Community Pharmacy
Institutional Pharmacy
Improving Efficiency Techniques
Getting Started

SECTION TWO Pharmacology and Medications
16 Drug Classifications
Classifying Drugs
Brand Versus Generic Versus Chemical Names
Tall Man Lettering in Brand and Generic Medications
Versus the Use of Generic Prefixes, Suffixes, and Infixes
Medication Characteristics
Drug Trials
Four Phases of Drug Testing
Anatomy, Physiology, Pharmacology,
Pharmacodynamics, and Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacokinetics: ADME
Pharmacodynamics
Drugs and Receptors
Agonists and Antagonists
Therapeutic Index
Drug Interactions
Other Drug Effects
Drug Classifications by Drug Enforcement
Administration Schedules I, II, III, IV, and V

17 Therapeutic Agents for the Nervous System
Nervous System Introduction
Central Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System
Conditions of the Nervous System and Their
Treatments

18 Therapeutic Agents for the Endocrine System
Anatomy of the Endocrine System
Description of Hormones and Glands
Functions of the Endocrine Glands
Conditions of the Endocrine System and Their Treatments

19 Therapeutic Agents for the Musculoskeletal System
Anatomy and Physiology of the Skeletal System
Anatomy and Physiology of Skeletal Muscle
Common Conditions Affecting the Musculoskeletal System
Other Select Medication Classes That Affect the
Musculoskeletal System

20 Therapeutic Agents for the Cardiovascular System
Anatomy of the Heart and Vasculature System
Regulation of the Heart and Vasculature
Common Medication Classes Used to Treat Cardiac Conditions
Conditions Affecting the Cardiovascular System

21 Therapeutic Agents for the Respiratory System
Structure and Function of the Respiratory System
Disorders and Conditions of the Respiratory System

22 Therapeutic Agents for the Gastrointestinal System
Form and Role of the Gastrointestinal System
Anatomy and Physiology of the Gastrointestinal System
Conditions Affecting the Gastroint

Karen Davis, AAHCA, BHS, CPhT, Pharmacy Technician Education Consultant, Society for the Education of Pharmacy Technicians (SEPhT), Lyons, Georgia; Pharmacy Technician Program Instructor, Florence Darlington Community College, Florence, South Carolina and Anthony Guerra, PharmD, RPh, Professor, Des Moines Area Community College, Ankeny, Iowa