Varcarolis' Foundations of Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing, 10th Edition

UNIT I Foundations in Theory

1 Mental Health and Mental Illness
Mental Health and Mental Illness
Mental Health
Mental Illness
Mental Health Continuum
Determinants of Mental Health
Perceptions of Mental Health and Mental Illness
Nature Versus Nurture
National Influences on Mental Health Care
Consumer Movement and Mental Health Recovery
Decade of the Brain
Surgeon General’s Report on Mental Health
Human Genome Project
President’s New Freedom Commission on Mental Health
Institute of Medicine
Brain Research Through Advancing Innovative Neurotechnologies Initiative
Research Domain Criteria Initiative
National Suicide and Crisis Lifeline
Addressing a National Mental Health Crisis
Legislation and Mental Health Funding
Mental Health Parity
Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
Epidemiology of Mental Disorders
Comorbidity
Incidence and Prevalence
Clinical Epidemiology
Classification of Mental Disorders
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
International Classification of Diseases
Psychiatric–Mental Health Nursing
Classification of Nursing Diagnoses
Psychiatric–Mental Health Nurse Education
Trends Impacting Psychiatric–Mental Health Nursing
Key Points to Remember
Clinical Judgment
Chapter Review

2 Theories and Therapies
Psychoanalytic Theories and Therapies
Psychoanalytic Theory
Psychoanalytic Therapy
Psychodynamic Therapy
Implications of Freudian Theory for Nursing Practice
Interpersonal Theories and Therapies
Interpersonal Theory
Interpersonal Therapy
Implications of Interpersonal Theory to Nursing
Behavioral Theories and Therapies
Classical Conditioning Theory
Behavioral Theory
Operant Conditioning Theory
Behavior Therapy
Implications of Behavior Theory to Nursing
Cognitive Theories and Therapies
Rational-Emotive Therapy
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Dialectical Behavioral Therapy
Implications of Cognitive Theory for Nursing
Humanistic Theories
Theory of Human Motivation
Implications of Motivation Theory for Nursing
Biological Theories and Therapies
Biological Model
Biological Therapies
Implications of the Biological Model for Nursing
Developmental Theories
Cognitive Development
Theory of Psychosocial Development
Theory of Object Relations
Theories of Moral Development
Ethics of Care Theory
Conclusion
Key Points to Remember
Clinical Judgment
Chapter Review

3 Psychobiology and Psychopharmacology
Functions of the Brain
Maintenance of Homeostasis
Regulation of the Autonomic Nervous System and Hormones
Control of Biological Drives and Behavior
Conscious Mental Activity
Cellular Composition of the Brain
Neurons
Neurotransmitters
Neurotransmitter Inactivation
Organization of the Brain
Brainstem
Hypothalamus
Cerebellum
Cerebrum
Visualizing the Brain
Structural Imaging Techniques
Functional Imaging Techniques
Disturbances of Mental Function
Genetics
Neurotransmitters
Pharmacotherapy
Action of Psychotropic Medications
Antianxiety Agents
Sleep-Wake Medications
Antidepressant Medications
Mood Stabilizers
Antipsychotic Medications
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Medication
Neurocognitive Medication
Herbal Treatments
Key Points to Remember
Clinical Judgment
Chapter Review

UNIT II Foundations for Practice

4 Treatment Settings
Background
Continuum of Care
Outpatient Care
Outpatient Care Settings
Prevention in Outpatient Care
Outpatient Psychiatric Nursing Care
Inpatient Care
Inpatient Care Settings
Considerations for Inpatient Care
Inpatient Psychiatric Nursing Care
Specialty Treatment Settings
Key Points to Remember
Clinical Judgment
Chapter Review

5 Cultural Implications
Race Ethnicity and Culture
Race
Ethnicity
Culture
Measuring Race and Ethnicity in the United States
Demographic Shifts in the United States
Diversity Equality Equity and Inclusion
Diversity
Equality
Equity
Inclusion
Social Determinants of Health
Worldviews
Western Tradition
Eastern Tradition
Indigenous Culture
Impact of Culture
Cultural Barriers to Mental Health Services
Communication Barriers
Stigma of Mental Illness
Misdiagnosis
Cultural Concepts of Distress
Cultural Idioms
Cultural Explanations
Cultural Syndromes
Genetic Variation in Pharmacodynamics
Special At-Risk Populations
Immigrants
Refugees
Poverty
Culturally Congruent Care
Cultural Competemility
Cultural Awareness
Cultural Knowledge
Cultural Encounters
Cultural Skill
Cultural Desire
Key Points to Remember
Clinical Judgment
Chapter Review

6 Ethical and Legal Considerations
Ethics in Psychiatric Nursing
Ethical Principles
Genetic Ethical Issues
Legal Issues in Psychiatric Nursing
Hospitalization
Patients’ Rights Under the Law
Laws Relevant to Psychiatric Nursing
Intentional Torts
Unintentional Torts
Standards for Nursing Care
State Boards of Nursing
Professional Associations
Institutional Policies and Procedures
Custom as a Standard of Care
Acting on Questionable Practice
Negligence Irresponsibility or Impairment
State Laws
Documentation of Care
Medical Records and Quality Improvement
Medical Records as Evidence
Guidelines for Electronic Documentation
Forensic Nursing
Violence in the Psychiatric Setting
Key Points to Remember
Clinical Judgment
Chapter Review

UNIT III Psychosocial Nursing Tools

7 The Nursing Process and Standards of Care
The Nursing Process
Assessment
Age Considerations
Language Barriers
Psychiatric–Mental Health Nursing Assessment
Gathering Data
Validating the Assessment
Using Rating Scales
Diagnosis
Diagnostic Statements
Types of Nursing Diagnoses
Outcomes Identification
Planning

Margaret Jordan Halter, PhD, APRN, Editor, Manual of Psychiatric Nursing Care, Former Clinical Nurse Specialist, Cleveland Clinic Akron General, Akron, Ohio, Former Faculty, Malone College, Canton, Ohio; University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, Former Associate Dean, Ashland University, Mansfield, Ohio, USA