Diagnostic Imaging: Obstetrics, 5th Edition

SECTION 1: FIRST TRIMESTER
INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW
Embryology and Anatomy of the First Trimester
Approach to the Early First Trimester
Early Anatomy

ABNORMAL INTRAUTERINE GESTATION
Early Pregnancy Loss
Perigestational Hemorrhage
Chorionic Bump
Complete Hydatidiform Mole

ECTOPIC GESTATION
Tubal Ectopic
Interstitial Ectopic
Cesarean Scar Ectopic Pregnancy
Cervical Ectopic
Ovarian Ectopic
Heterotopic Pregnancy
Abdominal Ectopic

SECTION 2: BRAIN
INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW
Embryology and Anatomy of the Brain
Approach to the Supratentorial Brain
Approach to the Posterior Fossa

CRANIAL DEFECTS
Exencephaly, Anencephaly
Occipital, Parietal Cephalocele
Atretic Cephalocele
Frontal Cephalocele

MIDLINE DEVELOPMENTAL ANOMALIES
Abnormal Corpus Callosum
Interhemispheric Cyst/AVID
Aprosencephaly, Atelencephaly
Alobar Holoprosencephaly
Semilobar Holoprosencephaly
Lobar Holoprosencephaly
Septo-Optic Dysplasia
Syntelencephaly

CORTICAL DEVELOPMENTAL ANOMALIES
Schizencephaly
Lissencephaly
Malformations of Cortical Development

CYSTS
Choroid Plexus Cyst
Arachnoid Cyst

DESTRUCTIVE LESIONS
Intracranial Hemorrhage
Encephalomalacia, Porencephaly
Hydranencephaly

POSTERIOR FOSSA MALFORMATIONS
Aqueductal Stenosis
Chiari 2 Malformation
Chiari 3 Malformation
Dandy-Walker Malformation
Vermian Dysgenesis
Blake Pouch Cyst
Mega Cisterna Magna
Cerebellar Hypoplasia
Rhombencephalosynapsis

VASCULAR MALFORMATIONS
Vein of Galen Aneurysmal Malformation
Arteriovenous Fistula
Dural Sinus Malformation

TUMORS
Brain Tumors
Choroid Plexus Papilloma
Intracranial Lipoma

PERTINENT DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES
Absent Cavum Septi Pellucidi
Mild Ventriculomegaly
Microcephaly
Abnormal Calvarium
Posterior Fossa Cyst/Fluid Collection

SECTION 3: SPINE
Embryology and Anatomy of the Spine
Approach to the Fetal Spine
Spina Bifida
Iniencephaly
Caudal Regression Sequence
Kyphosis, Scoliosis
Tethered Cord
Diastematomyelia
Sacrococcygeal Teratoma

FETAL INTERVENTION
Fetal Neural Tube Treatment

SECTION 4: FACE AND NECK
Embryology and Anatomy of the Face and Neck
Approach to the Fetal Face and Neck
Cleft Lip, Palate
Dacryocystocele
Coloboma
Epignathus
Epulis
Goiter
Cystic Hygroma
Cervical Teratoma

PERTINENT DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES
Abnormal Orbits/Eyes
Abnormal Ears
Micrognathia
Macroglossia

SECTION 5: CHEST
Embryology and Anatomy of the Chest
Approach to the Fetal Chest
Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation
Bronchopulmonary Sequestration
Bronchogenic Cyst
Congenital High Airway Obstruction Sequence (CHAOS)
Congenital Lobar Overinflation
Pulmonary Agenesis
Thoracic Lymphatic Malformations
Mediastinal Teratoma

PERTINENT DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES
Solid/Echogenic Chest Mass
Cystic Chest Mass

FETAL INTERVENTION
Fetal Chest Interventions

SECTION 6: HEART
INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW
Embryology and Anatomy of the Cardiovascular System
Approach to the Fetal Heart

ABNORMAL LOCATION
Heterotaxy, Cardiosplenic Syndromes
Ectopia Cordis

SEPTAL DEFECTS
Ventricular Septal Defect
Atrioventricular Septal Defect
Atrial Septal Aneurysm

RIGHT HEART MALFORMATIONS
Ebstein Anomaly
Tricuspid Dysplasia
Tricuspid Atresia
Pulmonary Stenosis, Atresia

LEFT HEART MALFORMATIONS
Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome
Coarctation and Interrupted Aortic Arch
Aortic Stenosis
Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return

CONOTRUNCAL MALFORMATIONS
Tetralogy of Fallot
Transposition of the Great Arteries
Truncus Arteriosus
Double-Outlet Right Ventricle

MYOCARDIAL AND PERICARDIAL ABNORMALITIES
Echogenic Intracardiac Focus
Cardiomyopathy
Rhabdomyoma
Pericardial Effusion
Pericardial Teratoma

ABNORMAL RHYTHM
Irregular Rhythm
Tachyarrhythmia
Bradyarrhythmia

PERTINENT DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES
Vascular Rings
Abnormal Cardiac Axis
Chamber Asymmetry

CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE SURGERY
Blalock-Taussig Shunt
Norwood Procedure
Glenn Procedure
Fontan Procedure

SECTION 7: ABDOMINAL WALL AND GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT
INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW
Embryology and Anatomy of the Abdominal Wall and GI Tract
Approach to the Abdominal Wall and GI Tract

ABDOMINAL WALL DEFECTS
Gastroschisis
Omphalocele
Pentalogy of Cantrell
Body Stalk Anomaly
Bladder Exstrophy
Cloacal Exstrophy/OEIS Syndrome

BOWEL ABNORMALITIES
Esophageal Atresia
Duodenal Atresia
Jejunal, Ileal Atresia
Colonic Atresia
Anal Atresia
Cloacal Malformation/Urogenital Sinus
Volvulus
Enteric Duplication Cyst

PERITONEAL ABNORMALITIES
Meconium Peritonitis, Pseudocyst
Abdominal Lymphatic Malformation

HEPATOBILIARY ABNORMALITIES
Gallstones
Choledochal Cyst
Splenic Cyst
Gestational Alloimmune Liver Disease
Biliary Atresia
Congenital Hepatic Hemangioma
Mesenchymal Hamartoma
Hepatoblastoma

PERTINENT DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES
Echogenic Bowel
Ascites
Cystic Abdominal Mass
Hepatomegaly

SECTION 8: GENITOURINARY TRACT
INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW
Embryology and Anatomy of the Genitourinary Tract
Approach to the Fetal Genitourinary Tract
Urinary Tract Dilation

RENAL DEVELOPMENTAL VARIANTS
Unilateral Renal Agenesis
Duplicated Collecting System
Pelvic Kidney
Horseshoe Kidney
Crossed Fused Ectopia

RENAL MALFORMATIONS
Bilateral Renal Agenesis
Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction
Urinoma
Obstructive Renal Dysplasia
Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney
Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease
Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease
Congenital Mesoblastic Nephroma

ADRENAL ABNORMALITIES
Adrenal Hemorrhage
Neuroblastoma
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia

Paula J. Woodward, MD, FSRU, David G. Bragg, MD and Marcia R. Bragg Presidential Endowed Chair in Oncologic Imaging, Professor of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Adjunct Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah Health, Consulting Radiologist, Grant Scott Bonham Fetal Center at Primary Children’s Hospital Salt Lake City, Utah, USA, Anne Kennedy, MD, FSRU, FAIUM, Professor of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Adjunct Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology Modality Director of Ultrasound, Codirector of Maternal-Fetal Diagnostic Center, University of Utah Health, Consulting Radiologist, Grant Scott Bonham Fetal Center at Primary Children’s Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA and Roya Sohaey, MD, FSRU, Professor of Diagnostic Radiology, Affiliate Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Director of Fetal Imaging, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA